English: I have searched for hours on the web, trying to confirm my suspicion, namely that the towers that group together at the western side of what I call the inner castle, i.e. the best defended part of the hill, are Urartian. On a site by the Turkish Archaeological News I read “The lower parts of the walls and the window frames were built of beautifully cut and fitted stone blocks. The upper portions of the wall were made of mud-bricks while the parapets rested on jutting wooden beams.” But nowhere could I find pictures. Indeed, the lower parts of the towers are of a type that I also found described as “interlocking stones, a method to protect them from earthquake damage. So tentatively I go for “Urartian” towers. Information by a specialist would be appreciated. The towers look restored, but if one compares pictures of the castle, one sees restoration is a constant. Note that most of the other walls, towers, buildings are Ottoman.